![]() When his last assistant, Charles Enz, visited him at the Rotkreuz hospital in Zurich, Pauli asked him, "Did you see the room number?" It was 137. The same year, he fell ill with pancreatic cancer. In 1958, Pauli was awarded the Max Planck medal. ![]() In 1949, he was granted Swiss citizenship. citizen and returned to Zurich, where he mostly remained for the rest of his life. In 1946, after the war, he became a naturalized U.S. In 1940, Pauli moved to the United States, where he was employed as a professor of theoretical physics at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 1940, he tried in vain to obtain Swiss citizenship, which would have allowed him to remain at the ETH. The German annexation of Austria in 1938 made Pauli a German citizen, which became a problem for him in 1939 after World War II broke out. Robert Oppenheimer called it "the only adult introduction to quantum mechanics." ![]() In 1933 Pauli published the second part of his book on Physics, Handbuch der Physik, which was considered the definitive book on the new field of quantum physics. Jung's elaborate analysis of more than 400 of Pauli's dreams is documented in Psychology and Alchemy. A great many of these discussions are documented in the Pauli/Jung letters, today published as Atom and Archetype. He soon began to critique the epistemology of Jung's theory scientifically, and this contributed to a certain clarification of Jung's ideas, especially about synchronicity. Jung immediately began interpreting Pauli's deeply archetypal dreams based on the I Ching, and Pauli became a collaborator of Jung's. In January 1932 he consulted psychiatrist and psychotherapist Carl Jung, who also lived near Zurich. He held visiting professorships at the University of Michigan in 1931 and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1935.Īt the end of 1930, shortly after his postulation of the neutrino and immediately after his divorce and his mother's suicide, Pauli experienced a personal crisis. He was awarded the Lorentz Medal in 1930. In 1928, Pauli was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at ETH Zurich in Switzerland. ![]() He also wrote a paper on colloid chemistry and medicine in 1924. In particular, he formulated the exclusion principle and the theory of nonrelativistic spin. During this period, Pauli was instrumental in the development of the modern theory of quantum mechanics. From 1923 to 1928, he was a professor at the University of Hamburg. Pauli spent a year at the University of Göttingen as the assistant to Max Born, and the next year at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (later the Niels Bohr Institute). Einstein praised it published as a monograph, it remains a standard reference on the subject. Two months after receiving his doctorate, Pauli completed the article, which came to 237 pages. Sommerfeld asked Pauli to review the theory of relativity for the Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften ( Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences). He attended the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, working under Arnold Sommerfeld, where he received his PhD in July 1921 for his thesis on the quantum theory of ionized diatomic hydrogen ( H + Two months later, he published his first paper, on Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Pauli attended the Döblinger- Gymnasium in Vienna, graduating with distinction in 1918. ![]() Pauli was raised as a Roman Catholic, although eventually he and his parents left the Church. Pauli's mother, Bertha Schütz, was raised in her mother's Roman Catholic religion her father was Jewish writer Friedrich Schütz. Pauli's paternal grandparents were from prominent Jewish families of Prague his great-grandfather was the Jewish publisher Wolf Pascheles. Pauli's middle name was given in honor of his godfather, physicist Ernst Mach. Pauli was born in Vienna to a chemist, Wolfgang Joseph Pauli ( né Wolf Pascheles, 1869–1955), and his wife, Bertha Camilla Schütz his sister was Hertha Pauli, a writer and actress. The discovery involved spin theory, which is the basis of a theory of the structure of matter. In 1945, after having been nominated by Albert Einstein, Pauli received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or Pauli principle". Wolfgang Ernst Pauli ( / ˈ p ɔː l i/ German: 25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. He is not to be confused with Wolfgang Paul, who called Pauli his "imaginary part", a pun with the imaginary unit i. ![]()
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